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CHAPTER 17: ADVANCED PATIENT CARE SKILLS
17.1 Introduction to Advanced Patient Care
As nursing assistants gain experience, they may encounter more complex patient needs. Advanced patient care skills involve techniques and procedures that require additional training and expertise, such as wound care, catheter management, and assisting with medical devices.
17.2 Wound Care and Dressing Changes
Types of Wounds: Acute wounds (surgical cuts, abrasions) and chronic wounds (pressure ulcers, diabetic ulcers).
Dressing Techniques: Cleaning wounds, applying appropriate dressings (sterile gauze, hydrocolloid, foam dressings).
Preventing Infections: Proper hand hygiene, use of sterile gloves, recognizing signs of infection (redness, swelling, discharge).
Case Study: Managing a Pressure Ulcer
Lucy, a nursing assistant, notices that a bedridden patient has a developing pressure ulcer. She reports it to the nurse and assists in repositioning the patient frequently while ensuring the wound is cleaned and dressed properly. This intervention prevents the ulcer from worsening
17.3 Catheter Care and Management
Types of Catheters: Indwelling catheters, intermittent catheters, suprapubic catheters.
Maintaining Catheter Hygiene: Preventing urinary tract infections (UTIs) by keeping the area clean and ensuring proper drainage.
Monitoring for Complications: Signs of infection, blockage, or discomfort.
17.4 Assisting with Oxygen Therapy
Understanding Oxygen Therapy: Used for patients with respiratory issues such as COPD or pneumonia.
Types of Oxygen Delivery Devices: Nasal cannula, oxygen masks, ventilators.
Safety Considerations: Avoiding fire hazards, monitoring oxygen saturation levels, ensuring proper humidification.
Scenario: Oxygen Therapy in Use
John, a nursing assistant, notices that a patient with an oxygen mask is struggling to breathe. He checks the tubing for kinks, ensures the oxygen flow is correct, and alerts the nurse. His prompt action helps stabilize the patient.
17.5 Assisting with Intravenous (IV) Therapy
Basic Understanding of IV Therapy: Used for hydration, medication administration, and nutrition.
Monitoring IV Sites: Checking for redness, swelling, or signs of infiltration.
Reporting Issues Promptly: Notifying the nurse if the patient experiences pain, swelling, or leakage at the IV site.
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