Chapter 5

CHAPTER 5: ASSISTING WITH MEDICATION MANAGEMENT 

5.1 Understanding Medication Assistance 

Nursing assistants and caregivers may be required to assist patients with their medication under the supervision of a nurse or healthcare professional. Medication assistance involves ensuring that patients take their prescribed drugs correctly, following proper dosage, timing, and method of administration. 

5.2 Types of Medications 

Medications can be classified into different types based on their purpose and method of administration: 

Oral medications: Tablets, capsules, and liquid medicines taken by mouth. 

Topical medications: Creams, ointments, and patches applied to the skin. 

Inhaled medications: Used in asthma or respiratory conditions, delivered through inhalers or nebulizers. 

Injectable medications: Administered through injections, usually by trained medical staff. 

Suppositories and rectal medications: Used for patients who cannot take oral medication. 

5.3 The “Five Rights” of Medication Administration 

To ensure safe medication administration, nursing assistants must follow the five rights: 

Right Patient: Confirm the identity of the patient before giving medication. 

Right Medication: Ensure the correct drug is given as prescribed. 

Right Dose: Verify the prescribed dosage to prevent under- or overdosing. 

Right Time: Administer medication at the correct scheduled time. 

Right Route: Ensure medication is given through the proper method (oral, topical, inhaled, etc.). 

5.4 Observing and Reporting Side Effects 

Nursing assistants should be vigilant in observing any signs of adverse reactions to medications, such as: 

Allergic reactions: Rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing. 

Drowsiness or dizziness: Some medications can cause fatigue or confusion. 

Gastrointestinal issues: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or constipation. 

Unusual changes in behavior: Mood swings, agitation, or lethargy. 

If any of these symptoms occur, it is essential to report them immediately to a registered nurse or physician. 

Case Study: Recognizing Medication Reactions 

James, a nursing assistant, notices that an elderly patient, Mrs. Carter, appears unusually drowsy and confused after taking her medication. He promptly informs the nurse, who reviews the medication and adjusts the dosage accordingly, preventing further complications. 

5.5 Proper Storage and Handling of Medications 

Medications must be stored correctly to maintain their effectiveness and safety: 

Keep medications in a cool, dry place, away from direct sunlight. 

Follow storage instructions, such as refrigeration if required. 

Ensure medications are kept in properly labeled containers. 

Dispose of expired or unused medications safely, following facility guidelines. 

5.6 Legal and Ethical Considerations 

Nursing assistants must understand the limits of their role regarding medication assistance. They should never: 

Prescribe or alter medication doses. 

Administer injections or controlled substances unless trained and authorized. 

Give medication without proper documentation or supervision. 

By following ethical guidelines and legal policies, caregivers help maintain patient safety and trust in the healthcare system.