Chapter 3

CHAPTER 3: UNDERSTANDING AND MEASURING VITAL SIGNS 

3.1 What Are Vital Signs? 

Vital signs provide insight into a patient’s health status. They include: 

Temperature 

Indicates fever, infection, or abnormal body function. 

Pulse (Heart Rate) 

Measures heart function and circulation. 

Respiratory Rate 

Monitors lung function and oxygen intake. 

Blood Pressure 

Shows cardiovascular health and risk of conditions like hypertension. 

Scenario: Monitoring Vital Signs 

David, a nursing assistant, is taking vital signs for a post-surgical patient. He notices the patient’s blood pressure is significantly lower than usual and immediately informs the nurse, who quickly intervenes to prevent further complications. 

3.2-3.5 Measuring Vital Signs 

Each vital sign requires specific measurement techniques, including: 

• Thermometers for temperature. 

• Palpation and stethoscopes for pulse. 

• Visual counting for respiratory rate. 

• Sphygmomanometers for blood pressure. 

Case Study: Recognizing Hypertension 

A nursing assistant notices that a patient's blood pressure is consistently above 150/90 mmHg. She informs the nurse, leading to early intervention.